Does Mislabeling COVID-19 Elicit the Perception of Threat and Reduce Blame?
JBPA

Chengxin Xu and Yixin Liu

Codebook

duration: the time subjects spent in survey
cblame_1: blame in COVID19 group
tblame_1: blame in "Chinese Virus" group
mc: answer of the manipulation check question
lc_c: list item count in 3-item COVID19 group
direct_c: answer of the direct question in the 3-item COVID19 group
lt_c: list item count in 4-item COVID19 group
lc_t: list item count in 3-item "Chinese Virus" group
direct_t: answer of the direct question in the 3-item "Chinese Virus" group
lt_t: list item count in 4-item "Chinese Virus" group
sex: 1=male; 0=female
age: subjects' age
race: subjects' race
income: subjects' income
worry: How worried are you that you or someone in your family will be exposed to coronavirus?
twitter: How often do you use or get information/news from Twitter/Facebook on an average day?
party: party affiliation
lean: party lean
ideology: political ideology
state: subjects' location state
ch: 1="Chinese virus" group, 0=COVID19 group
covid: item number in COVID19 group. 1=4-item; 0=3-item
virus: item number in "Chinese Virus" group. 1=4-item; 0=3-item
list: item subgroup. 1=4-item group; 0=3-item group
blame: blame
direct: answer of direct question
ict.c: item count in COVID19 group
ict.t: item count in "Chinese Virus" group
ict: item count
Y.c: Social desirability measure in COVID19 group. See Appendix D in online supplemental information. 
Y.t: Social desirability measure in "Chinese Virus" group. See Appendix D in online supplemental information. 
ido: numeric ideology measure. 1= very conservative; 2= conservative; 3=moderate; 4=liberal; 5=very liberal, 6=no opinion
ido1 simplify measure of ideology. 1= conservative; 2=moderate; 3=liberal
inc: numeric income measure. 1= Less than $25,000; 2=$25,000 to $34,999; 3=$35,000 to $49,999; 4=$50,000 to $74,999; 5= $75,000 to $99,999; 6= $100,000 to $149,999; 7= $150,000 or more
wor: numeric measure of worry. 0= not worried at all; 1= not too worried; 2= worried; 3= very worried
social: numeric measure of social media use. 0= never; 1= sometimes; 2= about half time; 3= most of time; 4= always
ID: subject ID
item: 3-item or 4-item
ch1: a=COVID19; b= "Chinese Virus"
male: 1=male; 0=female
female: 1=female; 0=male
young: 1=age<=29; 0=age>29
midage: 1=29<age<=49; 0=otherwise
old: 1=age>49; 0=age<=49
white: 1=white; 0=not white
blk: 1=black; 0=not black
his: 1=hispanic; o= not hispanic
asian: 1=asian; 0= not asian
other: 1=other; 0= not other
hwor: 1=worried or very worried; 0=not too worried or not worried at all
lwor: 0=worried or very worried; 1=not too worried or not worried at all
hsocial: 1="social" >=2; 0="social"<2
lsocial: 1="social"<2; 0="social">=2
Dem: 1= Democrat; 0=other
Rep: 1= Republican; 0=other
Ind: 1=Independent; 0=other
lib: 1=Liberal; 0=other
con: 1=Conservative; 0=other
mod: 1=Moderate; 0=other
low: 1=Less than $25,000; 0=other
med: 1="inc">=2 and <5; 0=other
high: 1="inc">=5, 0=other
mcr: 1=answer correct in manipulation check question; 0=answer wrong in manipulation check question
group: covid3=COVID19 3-item group; covid4=COVID19 4-item group; virus3="Chinese Virus" 3-item group;
 virus4="Chinese Virus" 4-item group








